煤矿里不怕水的锚固剂，你听说吗

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煤矿里不怕水的锚固剂，你听说吗
煤矿里不怕水的锚固剂，你听说吗？
The coal mines are not afraid of water anchorages, do you hear?
新型耐水锚固剂
New water resistant anchorage agent
在煤炭生产中，巷道、硐室经常会因掘进和采动等影响使围岩承压过高而出现底鼓。强烈的底鼓会引起巷道断面变小，使巷道基础不稳，生产运输受阻，通风不畅，严重影响矿井的安全生产，降低矿井生产效率，甚至会造成巷道闭合和报废。
In coal production, roadway and chamber often cause the floor heave due to the high pressure of surrounding rock due to tunneling and mining. The strong bottom drum will cause the tunnel section to be smaller, make the roadway foundation unstable, the production and transportation are blocked, the ventilation is not smooth, it seriously affects the mine safety production, reduces the mine production efficiency, even causes the roadway closure and the scrap.
巷道的破坏性底鼓有时还会产生冲击地压，给矿工生命和生产设备造成威胁。我国是产煤大国，煤炭产量居世界首位，煤层埋藏普遍较深，矿压较大，资料显示大多数矿区不同程度地出现过巷道底鼓的现象。
The destructive floor heave of the roadway sometimes produces rock burst, which threatens the life and production equipment of miners. China is a big coal producing country, coal production ranks first in the world, coal seam is deeply buried and mine pressure is large. Data show that most mining areas have appeared the phenomenon of roadway bottom drum in different degree.
因此，对巷道底鼓的研究和治理一直是采矿业研究的重点。解决巷道底鼓尤其是软岩巷道底鼓一直是世界性的技术难题，对相关的技术、材料、工艺、机理等方面的研究具有重要的现实意义。造成巷道底鼓的原因很多，许多学者都进行过详细的研究。
Therefore, the research and treatment of roadway floor heave has always been the focus of mining industry research. It is a worldwide technical problem to solve the roadway floor drum, especially the soft rock roadway floor drum, which is of great practical significance to the related technology, material, process and mechanism. There are many reasons for roadway floor heave, and many scholars have done detailed research.
康红普经过分析底板岩层稳定性，认为底鼓的原因在于失稳的底板岩层向巷道内压曲、偏应力作用下的扩容、岩石自身的遇水膨胀。
Kang Hongpu has analyzed the stability of the floor rock, and the reason is that the bottom floor is due to the buckling of the unstable floor rock strata to the roadway, the dilatancy under the action of partial stress, and the water expansion of the rock itself.
姜耀东、陆士良研究将底鼓分为:挤压流动性底鼓;挠曲折皱性底鼓;遇水膨胀性底鼓;剪切错动性底鼓。巷道底鼓治理行之有效的方法是支护加固法和联合支护法。支护加固法和联合支护法需要用锚杆、锚索等对底鼓巷道进行锚固，但底鼓巷道多为含水疏松软岩，钻孔多含水，普通的树脂锚固剂由不饱和聚酯树脂、固化剂、促进剂、填料等组成，不饱和聚酯树脂在干燥条件下对金属材料和煤岩体有较强的粘接力，能够满足一般的锚固要求，但在含水条件下对锚杆和锚索的锚固力明显降低，难以达到锚固要求。部分学者研究表明，钻孔淋水或积水时，普通锚固剂的锚固力大大降低，甚至不固化。
Jiang Yaodong and Lu Shiliang studied the bottom drums as extruding fluidity bottom drum, flexural wrinkle bottom drum, water swelling bottom drum and shearing dislocation bottom drum. The effective way to control roadway floor heave is support reinforcement method and combined support method. The support reinforcement method and the joint support method should be anchored to the bottom drums with anchor bolts and anchorages, but the bottom drums are mostly hydrated soft rock, and the boreholes are water cut. The common resin anchorages are composed of unsaturated polyester resin, curing agent, accelerator, filler and so on. The unsaturated polyester resin is used to metal material under dry conditions. There is a strong adhesive force with coal and rock mass, which can meet the general anchorage requirements, but the anchoring force of anchor and anchor cable is obviously reduced under the water bearing condition, and it is difficult to meet the anchorage requirement. Some scholars have shown that the anchoring force of ordinary anchorage agent is greatly reduced or even not solidified when drilling water or water.
也有学者对防水锚固剂进行过探讨，但锚固剂效果不是很理想。本文通过多方面试验，研究出一种新型耐水锚固剂。
Some scholars have discussed waterproof anchorage agent, but the anchorage agent is not very effective. In this paper, a new type of water resistant anchorage agent has been developed through many tests.
该新型耐水锚固剂通过对100个试验孔进行锚固试验，结果显示:锚固成功率高，预紧力施加均达到设计要求。在历经半年的跟踪观测中，未发锚索退锚、松动迹象，工业试验段，未出现明显底鼓量增大现象，有效控制了底板岩层扩容引起的弯曲现象。
The new water resistant anchorage agent has been tested on 100 test holes. The results show that the success rate of anchorage is high, and the pre tightening force is applied to meet the design requirements. During the following six months' tracking and observation, there are no signs of anchoring and loosening of the anchorage cable. There is no obvious increase in the bottom drums in the industrial test section, which effectively controls the bending phenomenon caused by the dilatancy of the floor rock.
且对其中7个试验孔进行实时观测，锚索受周边采动应力影响，部分试验孔应力有所提高，波动幅度均在30kN范围之内。
In real time, 7 of the test holes are observed in real time. Under the influence of the surrounding mining stress, the stress of some test holes is improved, and the amplitude of the fluctuation is within the range of 30kN.
总之，新型耐水锚固剂替代水泥浆锚固底板锚索，减少了施工人员的劳动强度(减少了重复锚固次数)、缩短了预紧力施加时间(从先前的7d缩短至1d)、一次性锚固成功率高、有水环境不影响底鼓治理工程施工。
In a word, the new water anchoring agent instead of cement slurry anchored anchor cable, reduced the labor strength of the builders (reducing the number of repeated Anchorage), shortened the exertion time of pre tightening force (shortened from 7d to 1D), high success rate of one-time anchorage, and water environment did not affect the construction of bottom drum treatment.
优点
Advantage
1)耐水锚固剂水内锚固抗拔力达到标准技术要求。
1) water resistant anchorage agent has reached the standard technical requirements for internal anchorage and pullout resistance.
2)Φ45mm、Φ50mm锚管内锚固力高，重复性好，锚固效果佳。
2) the diameter of the anchor pipe of the 45mm and 50mm is high, the anchorage effect is good and the anchorage effect is good.
3)耐水锚固剂的使用缩短工期、提高功效、锚固不受水介质影响。
3) the use of water resistant anchorage agent shortens the construction period, improves the efficiency and anchors from the influence of water medium.
4)耐水锚固剂锚固效果优于普通锚固剂锚固效果。
4) the anchorage effect of water resistant anchorage agent is better than that of ordinary anchorage agent.
5)锚固剂直径比钻孔孔径小4～6mm为宜，只要符合三径匹配原则，钻孔孔径大小对锚固效果影响很小。
5) the diameter of anchorage agent is 4 to 6mm smaller than the diameter of borehole. As long as the principle of three diameter matching is satisfied, the diameter of borehole has little effect on anchoring effect.